Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

Which type of stroke is associated with posterior cerebral artery (PCA) involvement?

1. Hemorrhagic stroke

2. Ischemic stroke

3. Transient ischemic attack

4. Both ischemic and hemorrhagic

The correct answer is: Ischemic stroke

The association of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) involvement with ischemic strokes is based on the role of this artery in supplying blood to specific regions of the brain. The PCA primarily supplies the occipital lobe, the inferior part of the temporal lobe, and parts of the thalamus. When there is an interruption of blood flow due to a blockage in the PCA, it results in an ischemic stroke, characterized by the death of brain tissue due to lack of oxygen and nutrients. In contrast, while hemorrhagic strokes also affect the brain, they are typically the result of blood vessels rupturing, leading to bleeding within or around the brain rather than blockage. PCA involvement can lead to areas of hemorrhage, but the question specifically relates to the type of event more commonly associated with PCA affliction. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) involve temporary disruptions in blood flow, leading to short-lived neurological deficits, and are not categorized as a stroke, therefore making ischemic strokes the more appropriate choice in this context. As such, ischemic stroke is the primary condition associated with the involvement of the posterior cerebral artery, as it directly relates to the consequences of reduced blood supply rather than bleeding.