Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

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Which strains of HPV are primarily associated with cancer?

6, 11, 16, 18
16, 18, 31, 33
2, 4, 6, 11
12, 18, 21, 25

The correct answer is: 16, 18, 31, 33

The strains of HPV that are primarily associated with cancer are 16, 18, 31, and 33. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of more than 200 related viruses, with certain types being considered high-risk due to their potential to lead to cancers, particularly cervical cancer, as well as other anogenital cancers and oropharyngeal cancers. Types 16 and 18 are the most well-known high-risk strains and are responsible for a significant percentage of HPV-related cancers. Strains 31 and 33 are also classified as high-risk types, contributing to the carcinogenic potential associated with HPV infections. On the other hand, the other options contain strains that are primarily associated with benign conditions or lower-risk of malignancy. For instance, strains 6 and 11 are typically linked with anogenital warts and not cancer. Strains such as 2, 4, and 12 also do not have a significant association with cancer. Therefore, the identification of strains 16, 18, 31, and 33 as critical to the understanding of HPV-related cancers is both accurate and essential for recognizing the importance of these high-risk strains in screening and prevention efforts.