Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) Practice Exam

What is the first-line treatment for osteoporosis?

1. Calcium supplements

2. Bisphosphonates

3. Hormone therapy

4. Weight-bearing exercise

The correct answer is: Bisphosphonates

The first-line treatment for osteoporosis is bisphosphonates. These medications are specifically designed to inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts, which helps to increase bone density and reduce the risk of fractures. Bisphosphonates such as alendronate and risedronate are commonly prescribed for patients who have already been diagnosed with osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women and older adults. While calcium supplements and vitamin D are important for bone health and can help prevent osteoporosis, they are not considered first-line treatments for individuals who already have the condition. Instead, these supplements are often used as adjunct treatments alongside bisphosphonates to further improve bone strength. Hormone therapy can also be effective, particularly for postmenopausal osteoporosis, but it is generally not the first choice due to potential side effects and risks associated with long-term use. Weight-bearing exercise is beneficial for maintaining overall bone health and preventing further bone loss but does not serve as a treatment for existing osteoporosis. In summary, bisphosphonates are the primary and most recommended pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis, focusing on the underlying problem of increased bone resorption that characterizes the disease.